Power
Factor is defined as the ratio of real power (KW) to the apparent power (KVA)
and is cosine of the angle by which the current lags or leads the voltage.
Most
frequently an industrial installation is fed from a high voltage system and
comprises.
·
A transformer station.
·
Resistive loads, such as ovens,
radiators, filament lamps, etc.
·
Inductive loads, such as
transformer, motors, etc.
Among
this larger load are inductive in nature. The inductive load is the cause of
low Power Factor.
DISADVANTAGE OF LOW POWER FACTOR:
1. Large KVA rating of equipment, KVA=KW/cosθ
2. Greater conductor size, IL=KW/√3 VL cosθ
3. Large copper losses, IL=KW/√3 VL cosθ
4. Poor voltage regulative
5. Larger line drop.
6. Reduced handling capacity of system.
ADVANTAGE OF MOST ECOMOMICAL POWER FACTOR:
1. Increase carrying capacity of the power station.
2. Reduce billing of the system.
3. Increase voltage.
4. Good voltage regulation.
5. Least conductor size.
6. Least copper losses.
7. Reduce KVA demand.
CHOOSE CAPACITY OF POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT PLANT:
CKVAR=KW×
(tanθ1 – tanθ2)
Where:
CKAVR= Capacitor KVAR required
KW =
existing load
θ1=
cos-1 (existing power factor)
θ2=
cos-1 (desired power factor)
Check
your billing meter if it is less than 0.96 then you are a looser.
Use
the SR ENGINEERS PFI pay reduce bill and save
your motor.
USE TABLE-1 TO IDENTIFY CAPACITY OF POWER
FACTOR IMPROVEMENT PLANT:
|
COS#2
|
COS#1
|
|||
|
0.98
|
0.99
|
1.00
|
||
|
0.547
|
0.609
|
0.750
|
0.80
|
|
|
0.521
|
0.581
|
0.724
|
0.81
|
|
|
0.495
|
0.555
|
0.698
|
0.82
|
|
|
0.469
|
0.529
|
0.672
|
0.83
|
|
|
0.443
|
0.503
|
0.646
|
0.84
|
|
|
0.417
|
0.477
|
0.620
|
0.85
|
|
|
0.390
|
0.450
|
0.593
|
0.86
|
|
|
0.364
|
0.424
|
0.467
|
0.87
|
|
|
0.337
|
0.397
|
0.540
|
0.88
|
|
|
0.309
|
0.369
|
0.512
|
0.89
|
|
|
0.281
|
0.341
|
0.484
|
0.90
|
|
|
0.253
|
0.313
|
0.456
|
0.91
|
|
|
0.223
|
0.283
|
0.426
|
0.92
|
|
|
0.192
|
0.252
|
0.395
|
0.93
|
|
|
0.160
|
0.220
|
0.363
|
0.94
|
|
|
0.126
|
0.186
|
0.329
|
0.95
|
|
|
0.089
|
0.149
|
0.292
|
0.96
|
|
|
0.048
|
0.108
|
0.251
|
0.97
|
|
|
|
0.060
|
0.203
|
0.98
|
|
|
|
|
0.143
|
0.99
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
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